• Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
• Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 30 00 E
• Map references: Africa
• Area:
  
  Total: 2,505,810 sq km
  
  Land: 2.376 million sq km
  
  Water: 129,810 sq km
• Area - comparative: slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US
• Land boundaries:
  
  Total: 7,687 km
  
  Border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic
  
  Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km
  
  Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
• Coastline: 853 km
• Maritime claims:
  
  Contiguous zone: 18 nm
  
  Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  
  Territorial sea: 12 nm
• Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)
• Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
• Elevation extremes:
  
  Lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
  
  Highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m
• Natural resources: petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower